منابع مشابه
Toxic / Nutritional Optic Neuropathy
DOS Times Vol. 11, No. 8 February, 2006 These disorders are often grouped together as they cause a syndrome characterized by papillomacular bundle damage, central or cecocentral scotoma, and reduction of color vision. The anterior visual pathway is susceptible to damage from toxins or nutritional deficiency (Table 1). Both toxicity and malnutrition, acting either independently or together, have...
متن کاملToxic optic neuropathy
Toxic optic neuropathy (TON) is a disease entity which is not only underdiagnosed, but also often diagnosed at a stage when recovery of vision is not possible. This article gives an overview of common causes, clinical features, and management of TON.
متن کاملtoxic and nutritional optic neuropathy
toxic optic neuropathy (ton) is a group of medical disorders which can be defined by visual impairment due to optic nerve damage by a toxin. the exposure to a toxic substance can occur at the workplace, with ingestion of materials/ foods containing a toxin, or the use of systemic medications. ton is a disease entity which is not only under-diagnosed, but also often diagnosed at a stage when rec...
متن کاملGlutathione S-transferases Detoxify Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Agents- Minireview
The biotransformation of foreign substances (xenobiotic) including drugs in the body is divided into phase I, II and III. But phase II enzymes are playing a key role in the biotransformation of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics to easily excretable forms and also the metabolic inactivation of pharmacologically active substances. The phase II enzymes can perform biotransformation through conj...
متن کاملBilateral anterior toxic optic neuropathy and the use of infliximab.
Three cases of bilateral optic neuropathy were reported recently to the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb. Patient 1, a 54 year old man, had blurred vision 34 days after he was given a third dose of infliximab for rheumatoid arthritis. He was also taking leflunomide, prednisone, naproxen, diazepam, fluoxetine, famotidine, and metoprolol, and acetaminophen or codeine. He had 20/30 visio...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi
سال: 1976
ISSN: 0021-5384,1883-2083
DOI: 10.2169/naika.65.743